Philip II of Macedon (r.359-336 BC) was one of the great conquerors of Greek history, inheriting his kingdom in the aftermath of a dangerous defeat in which his predecessor was killed, and ending his reign as the dominant power in Greece, with an empire that including Thessaly and large parts of Thrace. It was commanded by Alexander the Great at Chaeronea, where he led it into gaps in the Greek line, and he led it at many of his victories over the Persians. A second, and rather infuriating, feature of his reign is that for many of the significant battles of his reign we have no name, no clear location and almost no details. The cavalry had always been a key part of the Macedonian army, and the 'hetairoi', or companion cavalry, became one of the key parts of the army. Atheas refused to grant the Macedonians safe passage, and in the resulting battle suffered a heavy defeat. Philip moved quickly. Philip II of Macedon, 382 – 336 BC, was an ancient Greek king of Macedonia from 359 BC until his assassination in 336.

Philicrates, the man most closely associated with the peace was forced to flee into exile, his ally Aeschines narrowly avoided conviction. Philip abandoned any plans for a military clash, and instead negotiated a peaceful solution. Sic. The first, Pausanias, had the backing of Cotys, king of Thrace, but Philip was soon in contact with Cotys and convinced him to withdraw that support.

Philip raised an army of 10,000 infantry and 600 cavalry. His fourth wife (probably) (and most famous) was Olympias, the daughter of King Neoptolemus I of Epirus and the mother of Alexander the Great. Most members of the Second Athenian League left, and only Euboea, a series of islands in the northern Aegean and some key towns on the Thracian coast, all key to the Athenian grain supply from the Black Sea were left in her hands.

You cannot download interactives. Atheas had earlier asked for Macedonian help against his Greek neighbours at the mouth of the Danube, but no longer needed help when the Macedonians arrived. Philip II of Macedon was a Greek king of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC. He was able to increase its speed to 35 miles per day, moving without supply wagons or servants. His main targets were Cersobleptes, king of eastern Thrace, and Teres in central Thrace. The final break with Athens came after Philip seized a massive corn fleet of some 230 ships, while Chares was absent. Often these overlapped, so while many of the older Greek powers were involved in the Third Sacred War, Philip was engaged in the conquest of Chalcidice on the north coast of the Aegean and campaigns in Thrace as well as his involvement in the Sacred War. Although Philip was acting legitimately to support existing regimes, the appearance of Macedonian troops in an area so important to Athens helped inflame opinion against him. National Geographic Society A few years earlier Philip had turned down a request for help from Callias of Chalcis, who wanted to form a Euboean League, as he was still attempting to win over Athens.

He was perhaps still hoping to break up the alliance between Thebes and Athens, which previous experience suggested might not have been too stable. This gave him an alliance with the Molossians in Epirus, and helped protect his western borders as well as probably involving the return of Orestis to Macedonian control. Arybbas went into exile in Athens.

to 323 B.C. They attacked in rhomboid or wedge shapes, and could be used to punch holes in infantry lines. He was the 18th king of Macedonia and ruled from 359 to 336 B.C.E.Macedon was unstable during Philip II’s youth. Late in the year or early in 342 Philip marched into Epirus, where he deposed King Arybbas and replaced him with his brother-in-law Alexander (brother of Olympias). This siege lasted into August or September of the following year (either 353-352 or 352-351)In 350 Philip probably campaigned in Epirus, although this may have been more of a procession.

Chares now used his fleet to directly support Byzantium, and the Macedonian fleet was forced to retreat into the Black Sea. Upper Macedonia, further inland, was largely out of his control, and was probably held by the Dardanians at the start of his reign. The Amphictyonic Council responded by asking Philip to take command of a new Sacred War. After lifting the sieges Philip moved north to punish Atheas, a Scythian ruler. Very early in his reign he married Audata, daughter of Bardylis, and this marriage may have accompanied this early peace agreement. This begins with the battle in which his brother It is equally unclear when Philip returned to Macedonia. One major flashpoint was a territorial despite with Philip's allies at Cardia and early in 341 that threatened to flare up.

The companion cavalry was largely made up of Macedonian lords, tied to the king by personal bonds. In 349 Philip abandoned his alliance with the Chalcidic League. All rights reserved. He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III. In the spring of 348 Philip advanced on The Sacred War and the War for Amphipolis both ended in 346 BC, after some complex negotiations that produced the By now Demosthenes had changed his mind about the peace treaty, and was worried that Philip posed a great threat to Athens. On his ascent to the throne, Philip quickly showed that while he was young, this did not mean that Macedon was weak.

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