The dependence of most Nigeriens on subsistence farming on increasingly small landholdings, coupled with declining rainfall and the resultant shrinkage of arable land, are all preventing food production from keeping up with population growth.For more than half a century, Niger's lack of economic development has led to steady net outmigration. Gender inequality, including a lack of educational opportunities for women and early marriage and childbirth, also contributes to high population growth.Because of large family sizes, children are inheriting smaller and smaller parcels of land. Nigeria is referred to as the “Giant of Africa” due to this large economy and population.Niger and Nigeria are neighboring countries in West Africa. Niger River, principal river of western Africa. In the 1960s, Nigeriens mainly migrated to coastal West African countries to work on a seasonal basis.

In February 2017, the IMF approved a new 3-year $134 million ECF. Niger’s three-year $131 million IMF Extended Credit Facility (ECF) agreement for the years 2012-15 was extended until the end of 2016. The government continues to face the daunting task of institutionalizing democracy and reforming a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through corruption and mismanagement. Niger is bordered by Libya to the northeast, Chad to the east, Nigeria to the south, Benin to the southwest, Mali to the north-west, Burkina Faso to the south-west, and Algeria to the northwest. Some headed to Libya and Algeria in the 1970s to work in the booming oil industry until its decline in the 1980s. In the country as a whole 26 mammal species and 15 bird species are thought to be endangered (2014). Chief Emeka Anyaoku of Nigeria was Commonwealth Secretary-General 1990–2000.Wole Soyinka, born in Abeokuta in July 1934, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1986; and Nigerians have won 14 Commonwealth Writers’ Prizes.The Seventh Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning was held in Abuja, 2–6 December 2013, with the theme of ‘Open Learning for Development’.Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa with a population of some 170 million.The Federal Republic of Nigeria lies on the Gulf of Guinea and has borders with Benin (west), Niger (north), Chad (north-east across Lake Chad) and Cameroon (east). Ferry services operate along the Niger and Benue rivers and along the coast.Lagos international airport is 22 km north of Lagos; other main international airports are at Abuja (35 km from the city), Kano and Port Harcourt, and main domestic airports at Benin City, Calabar, Enugu, Jos, Kaduna, Lagos, Maiduguri, Sokoto and Yola.Nigeria is a member of the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States, African Union, Economic Community of West African States, Non-Aligned Movement, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, United Nations and World Trade Organization.Nigeria hosts the headquarters of the Economic Community of West African States in Abuja.The country is also a member of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.Nigeria is a large country, 1,045 km long and 1,126 km wide. This is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world. The Adamawa Massif, bordering Cameroon, rises to 2,042 metres at Dimlang (Vogel Peak).Tropical; hot and humid on the coast, with greater extremes of temperature inland and cold nights in the north during December and January. This is the key difference between Niger and Nigeria. Western Africa, southeast of Algeria Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon slightly less than twice the size of Texas about six times the size of Georgia; slightly more than twice the size of California desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, molybdenum, gypsum, salt, petroleum natural gas, petroleum, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone, niobium, lead, zinc, arable land periodic droughts; flooding overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; contaminated water; inadequate potable water; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction serious overpopulation and rapid urbanization have led to numerous environmental problems; urban air and water pollution; rapid deforestation; soil degradation; loss of arable land; oil pollution - water, air, and soil have suffered serious damage from oil spills landlocked; one of the hottest countries in the world; northern four-fifths is desert, southern one-fifth is savanna, suitable for livestock and limited agriculture the Niger River enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea majority of the populace is located in the southernmost extreme of the country along the border with Nigeria and Benin largest population of any African nation; significant population clusters are scattered throughout the country, with the highest density areas being in the south and southwest Hausa 53.1%, Zarma/Songhai 21.2%, Tuareg 11%, Fulani (Peuhl) 6.5%, Kanuri 5.9%, Gurma 0.8%, Arab 0.4%, Tubu 0.4%, other/unavailable 0.9% Hausa 30%, Yoruba 15.5%, Igbo (Ibo) 15.2%, Fulani 6%, Tiv 2.4%, Kanuri/Beriberi 2.4%, Ibibio 1.8%, Ijaw/Izon 1.8%, other 24.7% Muslim 99.3%, Christian 0.3%, animist 0.2%, none 0.1% Muslim 53.5%, Roman Catholic 10.6%, other Christian 35.3%, other .6% French (official), Hausa, Djerma English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani, over 500 additional indigenous languages 1.252 million NIAMEY (capital) 13.904 million Lagos, 3.906 million Kano, 3.464 million Ibadan, 3.095 million ABUJA (capital), 2.873 million Port Harcourt, 1.676 million Benin City semi-presidential republic federal presidential republic 7 regions (regions, singular - region) and 1 capital district* (communaute urbaine); Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey*, Tahoua, Tillaberi, Zinder 36 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Federal Capital Territory*, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara 3 August 1960 (from France) 1 October 1960 (from the UK) Republic Day, 18 December (1958); note - commemorates the founding of the Republic of Niger which predated independence from France in 1960 Independence Day (National Day), 1 October (1960) mixed legal system of civil law, based on French civil law, Islamic law, and customary law mixed legal system of English common law, Islamic law (in 12 northern states), and traditional law 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal Alliance of Movements for the Emergence of Niger or AMEN AMIN [Omar Hamidou TCHIANA] Accord Party or ACC [Mohammad Lawal MALADO] ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, D-8, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Ambassador Hassana ALIDOU (since 23 February 2015) Ambassador Sylvanus Adiewere NSOFOR (since 29 November 2017) three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green with a small orange disk centered in the white band; the orange band denotes the drier northern regions of the Sahara; white stands for purity and innocence; green symbolizes hope and the fertile and productive southern and western areas, as well as the Niger River; the orange disc represents the sun and the sacrifices made by the people three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green; the color green represents the forests and abundant natural wealth of the country, white stands for peace and unity has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction zebu; national colors: orange, white, green eagle; national colors: green, white uranium mining, petroleum, cement, brick, soap, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses crude oil, coal, tin, columbite; rubber products, wood; hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel cowpeas, cotton, peanuts, millet, sorghum, cassava (manioc, tapioca), rice; cattle, sheep, goats, camels, donkeys, horses, poultry cocoa, peanuts, cotton, palm oil, corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava (manioc, tapioca), yams, rubber; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; timber; fish uranium ore, livestock, cowpeas, onions petroleum and petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber France 30.2%, Thailand 18.3%, Malaysia 9.9%, Nigeria 8.3%, Mali 5%, Switzerland 4.9% India 30.6%, US 12.1%, Spain 6.6%, China 5.6%, France 5.5%, Netherlands 4.4%, Indonesia 4.4% foodstuffs, machinery, vehicles and parts, petroleum, cereals machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured goods, food and live animals France 28.8%, China 14.4%, Malaysia 5.7%, Nigeria 5.4%, Thailand 5.3%, US 5.1%, India 4.9% China 21.1%, Belgium 8.7%, US 8.4%, South Korea 7.5%, UK 4.4% Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - nairas (NGN) per US dollar - state-run TV station; 3 private TV stations provide a mix of local and foreign programming; state-run radio has only radio station with national coverage; about 30 private radio stations operate locally; as many as 100 community radio stations broadcast; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available nearly 70 federal government-controlled national and regional TV stations; all 36 states operate TV stations; several private TV stations operational; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; network of federal government-controlled national, regional, and state radio stations; roughly 40 state government-owned radio stations typically carry their own programs except for news broadcasts; about 20 private radio stations; transmissions of international broadcasters are available; digital broadcasting migration process completed in three states in 2018 124 km condensate, 4045 km gas, 164 km liquid petroleum gas, 4441 km oil, 3940 km refined products Nigerien Armed Forces (Forces Armees Nigeriennes, FAN): Army, Nigerien Air Force (Force Aerienne du Niger), Niger Gendarmerie (GN); Ministry of Interior: Niger National Guard (GNN) Nigerian Armed Forces: Army, Navy (includes Coast Guard), Air Force; Ministry of Interior: Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC, a paramilitary agency commissioned to assist the military in the management of threats to internal security, including attacks and natural disasters) 18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory or voluntary military service; enlistees must be Nigerien citizens and unmarried; 2-year service term; women may serve in health care 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (the Niger, the only major river, is navigable to Gaya between September and March)(Niger and Benue Rivers and smaller rivers and creeks)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers:annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers:inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers:annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers:

The general elections of 2007 marked the first civilian-to-civilian transfer of power in the country's history and the elections of 2011 were generally regarded as credible. Nigeria has 36 states and a Federal Capital Territory, the capital Abuja is located on this Federal Capital Territory.Nigeria has a large population.

Nigeria is a coastal country whereas Niger is a landlocked country. Niger and Nigeria are two separate countries in the African continent. Niger's history begins with the expansion of the Songhai Empire in the 15th century.

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