The account has improved transparency, established a baseline for forecasting revenue, and over the first six months collected about $36 million. Since the second half of 2017 oil production has risen, and is currently about 130,000 barrels per day.Poverty and food insecurity has risen due to displacement of people caused by the conflict. Much of rural sector activity is focused on low-input, low-output subsistence agriculture.South Sudan is burdened by considerable debt because of increased military spending and high levels of government corruption. Civil servants, including police and the military, are not paid on time, creating incentives to engage in looting and banditry. South Sudan exports timber to the international market. 34 Oil exports—crude oil accounts for more than 95% of exports—are expected to fund the current account deficit and boost foreign reserves. country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): About 80% of the population lives in rural areas, with agriculture, forestry and fishing providing the livelihood for a majority of the households.

South Sudan has little infrastructure – about 10,000 kilometers of roads, but just 2% of them paved.

Real GDP growth was an estimated 5.8% in 2019, a large increase from 0.5% in 2018.

South Sudan - Economy.

country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 55 Reforms will help move the fiscal deficit, projected at 1.3% of GDP in 2020, to a surplus of 0.5% in 2021.The country is in debt distress, due to high and extrabudgetary spending.

After the Sudan region was invaded in 1820 by Muḥammad ʿAlī, viceroy of Egypt under the Ottoman Empire, the southern Sudan was plundered for slaves.By the end of the 19th century the Sudan … country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 184

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149 country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): Chinese investment plays a growing role in the infrastructure and energy sectors.Nevertheless, South Sudan does have abundant natural resources. Nonoil revenue increased by an estimated 19% in 2019. The economy of South Sudan will remain linked to Sudan for some time, given the existing oil infrastructure.

Inflation and the depreciation of the South Sudan pound continue to undermine household purchasing power. With famine spreading, 66% of the population in South Sudan is living on less than about $2 a day, up from 50.6% in 2009, according to the World Bank. country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data):

If peace holds, these improvements could give confidence to private investors. The economy of South Sudan will remain linked to Sudan for some time, given the existing oil infrastructure. The Republic of South Sudan became the worlds newest nation and Africas 55th country on July 9, 2011.

South Sudan Economic Outlook | African Development Bank - Building today, a better Africa tomorrow This page has economic forecasts for South Sudan including a long-term outlook for the next decades, plus medium-term expectations for the next four quarters and short-term market predictions for the next release affecting the South Sudan economy. 69 The oil sector remains the key driver of the economy, followed by services and agriculture.Inflation fell to 24.5% in 2019 from 83.5% in 2018 due to reduced financing of the fiscal deficit. country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): The outbreak of conflict in December 2013, combined with falling crude oil production and prices, meant that GDP fell significantly between 2014 and 2017. 179 The government plans several further reforms to increase revenue collection. country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): The economy of South Sudan is one of the world's most underdeveloped with South Sudan having little existing infrastructure and the highest maternal mortality and female illiteracy rates in the world as of 2011 . The fiscal deficit was estimated at 2.5% of GDP in 2019, down from 6.1% in 2018.

The oil sector remains the key driver of the economy, followed by services and agriculture. About 90% of consumed goods, capital, and services are imported from neighboring countries – mainly Uganda, Kenya and Sudan.

country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): This de-emphasis of social spending is likely to erode social indicators and amplify the challenges of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. 93 The central bank commitment to reduce monetization of the fiscal deficit is expected to continue, with resulting inflation declining further to 16.9% in 2020 and 9.7% in 2021.The 2019 state budget was estimated at $1.3 billion, a 155% increase from 2018. The top two spending priorities are infrastructure (54%) and organized forces, including the military, police, prison, and fire-fighting services (14%).

Oil exports are expected to reach 180,000 barrels a day, which will boost foreign reserves, currently standing at 0.2 month of imports.

A proposed increase in personal income tax by 5% and a business profits tax with an average new rate of 22% will also support revenue collection.Structural challenges to economic transformation and sustainable development in South Sudan include the lack of economic diversification, high public debt, weak institutions, and political uncertainty. Currently the region supports 10-20 million head of cattle. 140 The 6.4% average economic growth projected for 2019–21 is unlikely to be inclusive since it will be driven by oil rather than agriculture, where most people work. The region also contains many natural resources such as petroleum, iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold, diamonds, hardwoods, limestone and hydropower. country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): Financing the fiscal deficit, primarily through loans, has reduced debt sustainability with total debt at 41.7% of GDP in March 2019.

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