PRONUNCIATION: MOH-say The same people, as individuals, move from traditional to world religions (and often back again): they are not members of separate communities.African Religions, articles on Mythic Themes and New Religious Movements; The basic accounts of East African religions are in the form of monographs on the religious systems of particular societies. The basic principles of the system of explaining coincidence, unexpected failure, disaster, or sickness are similar everywhere. Genevieve Slomski When a woman is barren, therefore, her role is wanting and ambiguous: she may acquire a more definite one, largely independent and less under the control of husband or brother, by becoming the adherent and communicant of a spirit and so linking herself to other women who have been possessed. Similar sacrifices are reported from the Nyakyusa of southern Tanzania, but besides their being made by lineages to their own ancestors they are also made on behalf of all the members of neighborhoods and chiefdoms.The relationship between ancestor and spirit worship is essentially that ancestors are linked to, and typically localized in, a shrine established by their descendants, whereas spirits are freer and if localized are tied to neighborhoods and wider settlements instead of to descent groups. Their identity depends largely on the composition of the more important groups whose members should regard themselves as a community. They may be considered as individual ancestors, remembered by their personal names, or as collectivities of unnamed ancestral kin who are of less importance in living memory. These African Independent Churches (AICs) in East Africa seem to have developed rather later than those in other parts of the continent. They began largely as responses to what were seen (justifiably or not is not the immediate question at issue) as overbearing colonialist attitudes on the part of the mission churches. These mystical entities may float freely or they may be attached to social groups (lineages, clans, neighborhoods, and others) by having localized shrines established for them. Britannica Book of the Year 2003. The main religions in Africa include Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Judaism and traditional African religion. The relations of communication are complex, but essentially the deities may control or constrain the living by possessing them and making them sick, and the living may contact the deities by sacrifice, prayer, and self-induced trance. After his death his son Gwek succeeded him, refusing cooperation with the government. Encyclopædia Britannica, (2003) Pew Forum on Religious & Public life. A deformed man, Gwek would stand on top of the pyramid in a state of possession, uttering prophecies that foretold the end of colonial rule. Africa encompasses a wide variety of traditional beliefs. In societies where ancestral cults are lacking, such as the technologically simple hunting and gathering Hadza of Tanzania, these rites are of virtually no importance.All East African religions have a concept of evil.

It has been the meeting place of several main language groupings, and its peoples are remarkably diverse in their cultures and forms of economic, political, and familial organizations.In the northern part of the region live peoples representing several main language families and groups: Semitic and Hamitic (Cushitic), mainly in Ethiopia and Somalia, and three subgroups of the Chari-Nile group of the Nilo-Saharan familyThe situation is different as regards economic, political, and familial types, and belief and practice are more obviously linked to them.

It is consistent with the basic, small-scale, and personal relationships of everyday life in these societies that explanations of the unexpected and immediately inexplicable in technical terms should be sought in personal relations, as the activities of evil-intentioned persons. These rites, as with all rites of transition, begin with a rite in which the initiates are separated symbolically (and often physically) from their families and is followed by a series of rites that takes place in seclusion or secret from the remainder of society. The cult collapsed at his arrest in 1917, although the spirit Yakan who inspired him is to this day believed to be a wandering spirit. 9 August 2012. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Other rites are found throughout the region: those of tradition or transformation of status. The leaders' authority has usually had aspects of messianic and charismatic authority, but no more need be said about them here. A typical example is that of the cosmogony of the Nilotic Shilluk of the upper Nile. Stephen W. Angell Each kin or lineage group makes its own sacrifices (since ancestors of other groups are of no interest to it). In others, such as the Swahili, they become members of spirit cults and so of socially recognized groupings that stress their joint identity as against that of the men, who are seen as affiliated to a particular mosque in which women are never full members. Ethnoarchaeology 8.1 (2016): 57-68.Encyclopædia Britannica. The second phase was during the second quarter of the twentieth century, when the political aspects were less in evidence and more importance was given to missionization, missionaries being seen as colonial agents and even as betrayers of the Christian message as it affected Africans. It is frequently difficult to draw any meaningful distinction between what may be considered by outside observers to be myths and folk tales that tell of these and similar problems.

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