This manifested itself in the Rhodesia driven foundation of Soon after independence, FRELIMO announced Mozambique's transformation into a socialist one-party-state. The Mozambican Civil War is meaningless absent an understanding of the horrible violence overtaking all of southern Africa at the time. The major warring sides were the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) led by President Samora Machel and which controlled the central government, and the Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO) which was led by André Matsangaissa. Videos of separate... We are a reporting outfit with interest in African news, business, and events. Living in the communal villages was mandatory. The Mozambican Civil War began in 1977, two years after the end of the war of independence.The ruling party, Front for Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) and the national armed forces FAM (Armed Forces of Mozambique), was violently opposed from 1977 by the Rhodesian- and (later) South African-funded Mozambique Resistance Movement (RENAMO). An international investigation determined that the crash was caused by errors made by the flight crew, a conclusion that is not universally accepted. Their presence effectively ended the war. This was done by mass abduction, especially of children in order to use them as soldiers. RENAMO received military support from Rhodesia, South Africa, Malawi and Kenya as well as organisational support from Western Germany.In 1982, landlocked Zimbabwe directly intervened in the civil war in order to secure its transport ways, stop cross-border RENAMO raids and help its old ally FRELIMO. A system called Gamdira had been imposed by RENAMO. Much like RENAMO, FRELIMO forced people in its employment. The Soviet Union backed the Mozambican government while the United States supported the insurgents.
Gandira caused widespread starvation among the rural population due to the little time left to produce food for themselves. FRELIMO controlled the urban areas and the corridors, but was unable to protect the countryside from RENAMO squadrons. The FRELIMO administration, led by President Machel, was economically ruined by Renamo's rebels. It had to defend vast areas and hundreds of locations, while RENAMO operated out of a few remote areas carrying out raids against towns and important infrastructure. While being incapable of capturing any large cities, it was still able to terrorise the rural areas.
Subsequently, undermining the newly independent countries' capacity to support their brothers in arms within their countries became South Africa's and Rhodesia's main strategy to counter this new threat.

Like many regional African wars during the late twentieth century, the Mozambican Civil War was affected by the Cold War politics. In 1990, Mozambique adopted a new constitution that included multiparty elections.

All rights reserved. According to estimates, over one million people died during the 15-year conflict in a country which in 1990 had a population of 14 million.The background of the war can be traced back to 1976 when troops from white minority-controlled Rhodesia entered Mozambique to carry out operations against the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA) which had bases in Mozambican territory. He joined RENAMO which was formed in 1975 as opposition to FRELIMO and quickly rose to become its leader. Mozambican Civil War: Marxist–Apartheid Proxy, 1977–1992 (Cold War 1945–1991) - Kindle edition by Emerson, Stephen.

Later Zimbabwe became engaged further, carrying out several joint operations with FRELIMO against RENAMO strongholds.After the fall of the Smith Regime in Rhodesia, South Africa became RENAMO's main supporter.

To expand the size of its troops RENAMO forcefully recruited civilians into its arm, including child solders after mass abductions. FRELIMO was supported and got aid from the Soviet Union, United Kingdom and France while RENAMO got its aid from South Africa, Kenya, and covertly from the United States.On October 19, 1986, President Samora Machel was traveling near South Africa’s border when his plane crashed and he died. South Africa was moving toward a black majority-controlled nation by 1990 and the Soviet Union had fallen. Therefore local chiefs were ousted and thousands of dissidents were imprisoned in so called re-education camps.Although the Mozambican civil war was partly due to inner tensions, it could not have evolved exclusively internally. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Change the target language to find translations.Copyright © 2012 sensagent Corporation: Online Encyclopedia, Thesaurus, Dictionary definitions and more. At the same time the apartheid government and the Smith regime lost Portugal as an ally and with it the tens of thousands of soldiers that had been deployed in the Portuguese colonial wars.


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